BIOS guides — page 2
SPI flash chips, programmers, clean dumps, ME regions and BIOS recovery.
- BIOS
EC/KBC Firmware: The Second BIOS in Your Laptop
What laptop EC firmware does, where it is stored (internal flash, its own SPI chip or the BIOS chip), how corruption shows up and how it is reprogrammed.
- BIOS
How to Read and Write a BIOS Chip with a CH341A Programmer
Step by step: read, verify, back up and write a laptop BIOS chip with a CH341A, including clip versus desoldering, the 5 V data-line issue and common errors.
- BIOS
CH341A Cannot Detect the Chip: Causes and Fixes
CH341A cannot detect the chip? Common causes: clip contact and orientation, 1.8 V chips, the board loading the supply, drivers, software and the programmer.
- BIOS
CH341A 1.8V Adapter: When You Need It
When a 1.8 V adapter is required for a CH341A programmer, how to identify 1.8 V SPI flash chips, how the adapter works and how to check it before trusting it.
- BIOS
BIOS File Formats: .bin, .rom, .cap and .fd Explained
What .bin, .rom, .cap, .fd and vendor BIOS files actually contain, which can be written to a chip with a programmer, and how to extract a usable image from the rest.
- BIOS
BIOS Dump vs Clean BIOS: What's the Difference
What a BIOS dump from another laptop contains, what a clean BIOS image is, why it matters for the ME region, serial numbers and passwords, and which to use when.
- BIOS
8 MB, 16 MB or 32 MB: Matching the BIOS Dump to the Chip
Matching a BIOS file to its chip: 8, 16 and 32 MB flash sizes, why update files and dumps differ, region-only files, capsule headers and split two-chip images.